සැකිල්ල:de-ndecl
- පහත දැක්වෙන උපදෙස්, සැකිල්ල:de-ndecl/documentation හි පිහිටා ඇත. සැකිල්ල:de-ndecl/documentation]]. [සංස්කරණය]
- ප්රයෝජනවත් සබැඳි: උප පිටු ලැයිස්තුව • සබැඳි • යළි යොමු • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox
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Introduction
සංස්කරණයThis template should be used to decline all German nouns and proper noun, in preference to any other, older template that may still exist. (Eventually these will all be eliminated.)
Masculine and neuter nouns
සංස්කරණයGenerally, a single argument is supplied to the template, which specifies the gender and optionally the genitive singular and/or plural. For example, for the noun Alarm, use:
{{de-ndecl|m,s,e}}
which produces
Here, m specifies the gender, s the genitive singular ending, and e the plural ending. Note that the module is smart enough to add -n onto the dative plural automatically.
Sensible defaults are provided for the genitive singular and plural. In this case, the default genitive singular for most nouns, including Alarm, adds an -s, and the default plural adds an -e, so both the genitive singular and plural could be omitted:
{{de-ndecl|m}}
which has the same result as above.
If there is more than one possibility for a given ending, separate the possibilities with a colon, as with Fisch (“fish”):
{{de-ndecl|m,es:s,e}}
which produces
Because genitive singulars in either -es or -s are so common, a shortcut (e)s is provided. Along with the default plural, the above could be equivalently written:
{{de-ndecl|m,(e)s}}
Other such shortcuts are (s) (either -s or no ending) and (es) (either -es or no ending).
Use - to specify a null ending, e.g. for Mädchen (“girl”), plural Mädchen:
{{de-ndecl|n,s,-}}
which produces
Feminine nouns
සංස්කරණයFeminine nouns normally have a null ending in the genitive singular. As a result, the syntax for feminine nouns omits the genitive singular and specifies only the plural, as for Ordnung (“arrangement, order, rank”), plural Ordnungen:
{{de-ndecl|f,en}}
which produces
Feminine nouns default to the plural -en (or just -n after e), so this could equivalently be written:
{{de-ndecl|f}}
Umlaut
සංස්කරණයTo include umlaut, precede the ending with ^. For example, for Haus (“house”), with plural Häuser, use the following:
{{de-ndecl|n,es,^er}}
which produces
The module knows the correct rules for umlaut, e.g. Apfel (“apple”) umlauts in the plural as Äpfel:
{{de-ndecl|m,s,^}}
which produces
Since -s is the default genitive ending in most cases, this could equivalently be written:
{{de-ndecl|m,,^}}
Weak nouns
සංස්කරණයAdditional modifiers beyond the gender, genitive singular and plural are known as indicators. These are specified following a period (.). One common indicator is weak, indicating a weak noun, e.g. Präsident (“president”):
{{de-ndecl|m.weak}}
an
which produces
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | def. | noun | |
| nominative | ein | der | Präsident | die | Präsidenten |
| genitive | eines | des | Präsidenten | der | Präsidenten |
| dative | einem | dem | Präsidenten | den | Präsidenten |
| accusative | einen | den | Präsidenten | die | Präsidenten |
The code will automatically add -n in place of -en if the noun ends in -e. However, if the noun has -n in place of -en after a consonant, as with Herr, Nachbar, Satyr and their compounds, use weak_n. For example, one of the declensions of Nachbar could be indicated as follows:
{{de-ndecl|m.weak_n}}
which produces
If the noun has -n in the singular but -en in the plural, as is typical for Herr and its compounds, specify the plural explicitly, as follows:
{{de-ndecl|m,,en.weak_n}}
which produces
For nouns with multiple possible declensions, e.g. weak or strong, use the alternant notation, as described below. For example, Diakon (“deacon”), which can be declined either strong or weak, might be indicated as follows:
{{de-ndecl|((<m>,<m.weak>))}}
which produces
The general syntax here is to surround each declension with angle brackets, separate them with commas and put double parens around the whole thing. More than two alternants are possible; e.g. for Satyr, which can be either strong, weak with genitive in -n or weak with genitive in -en, use the following:
{{de-ndecl|((<m,s,n>,<m.weak_n>,<m,,n.weak>))}}
which produces
In this case, the plural is always in -n, so the alternants that would by default produce other plurals must have the plural given explicitly.
Additional indicators
සංස්කරණයBesides weak and weak_n, other supported indicators are as follows:
sg: singular-onlyarticle: indicate that the term is normally used with the definite articlenodatpln: don't add -n onto the dative plural when it normally would be addedss: change -ß to -ss before an ending beginning with a vowel (as is common in pre-1996 spellings)dat_with_e: include dative variant in -e with footnote even if no genitive with -e- exists; see below
Examples:
1. sg for singular-only, e.g. Butter (“butter”):
{{de-ndecl|f.sg}}
which produces
2. article for nouns normally used with the definite article, e.g. Sternenmeer (“the starry night sky (poetic)”):
{{de-ndecl|n,s:es.sg.article}}
which produces
| singular | ||
|---|---|---|
| def. | noun | |
| nominative | das | Sternenmeer |
| genitive | des | Sternenmeers, Sternenmeeres |
| dative | dem | Sternenmeer, Sternenmeere1 |
| accusative | das | Sternenmeer |
1Now rare, see notes.
This indicator is especially useful in the headword template {{de-noun}}, e.g.:
{{de-noun|n,s:es.sg.article}}
which produces
das Sternenmeer නපුංසක ලිංග (strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Sternenmeers or des Sternenmeeres, no definite plural)
3. nodatpln to suppress the final -n in the dative plural after a final -e, -er or -el, e.g. Retina (“retina”):
{{de-ndecl|f,e.nodatpln}}
which produces
4. ss to indicate that a final -ß changes to -ss before an ending beginning with a vowel (for pre-1996 spellings), e.g. Schluß (“end, conclusion”) (superseded spelling):
{{de-ndecl|m,es,^e.ss}}
which produces
5. dat_with_e to explicitly include the dative variant in -e with footnote even if no genitive with -e- exists, e.g. for Admiral (“admiral”):
{{de-ndecl|m,,e:^e.dat_with_e}}
which produces
Note that by default the variant in -e with associated footnote appears whenever a genitive form includes an -e- in it (genitive is specified as es, (e)s or ses). To suppress its appearance, as in recently-coined words, use the override dat:- (see Overrides below).
Irregular genitives and plurals
සංස්කරණයIf the genitive or plural are sufficiently irregular, they cannot be specified using an ending and/or the use of ^ to indicate umlaut. In those cases, specify the full form, e.g. for Vakuum (“vacuum”) with plural Vakua or Vakuen:
{{de-ndecl|m,s,Vakua:Vakuen}}
which produces
Note that the default plural of neuter nouns in -um changes the -um to -en (see below), so the following would equivalently work:
{{de-ndecl|m,s,Vakua:+}}
Here, + explicitly requests the default.
A full form is recognized as such by beginning with a capital letter. In the rare case where a full form must be given and begins with a lowercase letter, precede the full form with !. For example, for deus ex machina (alternative letter-case form of Deus ex Machina), use:
{{de-ndecl|m,-,!dei ex machina}}
which produces
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | def. | noun | |
| nominative | ein | der | deus ex machina | die | dei ex machina |
| genitive | eines | des | deus ex machina | der | dei ex machina |
| dative | einem | dem | deus ex machina | den | dei ex machina |
| accusative | einen | den | deus ex machina | die | dei ex machina |
Angle-bracket notation
සංස්කරණයAn alternative notation is available, which specifies the lemma explicitly along with the declension. E.g. for Haus, the following could be used:
{{de-ndecl|Haus<n,es,^er>}}
Since the lemma here is the same as lemma attached to the angle brackets, it can be omitted:
{{de-ndecl|<n,es,^er>}}
Both notations are equivalent to the following:
{{de-ndecl|n,es,^er}}
For single-word terms, angle brackets aren't usually needed, but they become necessary with multiword expressions and alternants; see below.
Default genitive and plural algorithms
සංස්කරණයThe following algorithm produces the default genitive singular:
- If the noun is feminine, use a null ending.
- Otherwise, if the noun is weak, use -n after -e, -nen after consonant + -in, and otherwise -en.
- Otherwise, if the noun ends in -nis (neuter like Erlebnis, Geheimnis, etc. or occasional masculine like Firnis), use -ses.
- Otherwise, if the noun ends in a consonant + -us, use a null ending, as in Euphemismus, Exitus, Exodus, etc.
- Otherwise, if the noun ends in s/ß/x/z, use -es.
- Otherwise, use -s.
The following algorithm produces the default plural:
- If the noun ends in -nis (neuter like Erlebnis or Geheimnis, feminine like Kenntnis or Wildnis, or occasional masculine like Firnis), use -se.
- Otherwise, if the noun is feminine or weak, use -n after -e, -nen after consonant + -in, and otherwise -en.
- Otherwise, if the noun ends in -e, use -n.
- Otherwise, if the noun is neuter and ends in -lein, use a null ending.
- Otherwise, if the noun is neuter and ends in -um (e.g. Museum or Vakuum), replace the -um with -en.
- Otherwise, if the noun ends in -mus (e.g. Algorithmus or Aphorismus), replace the -mus with -men.
- Otherwise, if the noun ends in a consonant + -us (e.g. Abakus, Zirkus, Autobus), use -se.
- Otherwise, if the noun ends in -el, -em, -en or -er (e.g. Adler, Meier, Riedel), use a null ending. (But this does not apply to nouns in a consonant + -eer/-ier, -eel/-iel, etc., as in Heer, Bier, Ziel, which default to -e as below.)
- Otherwise, use -e.
Nouns with multiple genders
සංස්කරණයIf a noun has more than one possible gender, separate the genders with a colon, e.g. Abszess (“abcess”):
{{de-ndecl|m:n}}
which produces
You can also place a footnote/qualifier in brackets after a given gender. For example, Abszess is neuter mainly in Austria; to note this, use the following:
{{de-ndecl|m:n[mainly in Austria]}}
Gender qualifiers do not appear in the declension table, but they do appear in the headword, which is specified like this:
{{de-noun|m:n[mainly in Austria]}}
which produces
Abszess පුරුෂ ලිංග or (mainly in Austria) නපුංසක ලිංග (strong, genitive Abszesses, බහුවචන Abszesse)
Plural-only nouns
සංස්කරණයTo specify a plural-only noun, use p in place of the gender, e.g. for the eighties (decade):
{{de-ndecl|p}}
which produces
| plural | ||
|---|---|---|
| def. | noun | |
| nominative | die | Achtzigerjahre |
| genitive | der | Achtzigerjahre |
| dative | den | Achtzigerjahren |
| accusative | die | Achtzigerjahre |
With plural-only nouns, you cannot specify a genitive or plural form, and if you do so, an error will result.
Footnotes
සංස්කරණයFootnotes can be indicated by placing text in brackets after a given form. For example, Geschlecht (“gender, type”) has a modern plural Geschlechter as well as an obsolete plural Geschlechte. To indicate this, use the following:
{{de-ndecl|n,s:es,er:e[obsolete]}}
which produces
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | def. | noun | |
| nominative | ein | das | Geschlecht | die | Geschlechter, Geschlechte2 |
| genitive | eines | des | Geschlechts, Geschlechtes | der | Geschlechter, Geschlechte2 |
| dative | einem | dem | Geschlecht, Geschlechte1 | den | Geschlechtern, Geschlechten2 |
| accusative | ein | das | Geschlecht | die | Geschlechter, Geschlechte2 |
1Now rare, see notes.
2Obsolete.
Such footnotes show up as qualifiers in the headword:
Geschlecht නපුංසක ලිංග (strong, genitive Geschlechts or Geschlechtes, බහුවචන Geschlechter or (obsolete) Geschlechte)
You can also footnote an individual gender, an override, or an entire declension. For example, Hanf is normally masculine but rarely neuter. Indicate as follows:
{{de-ndecl|m:n[rare],(e)s.sg}}
which produces
The footnote shows up as a qualifier in the headword:
Hanf පුරුෂ ලිංග or (rare) නපුංසක ලිංග (strong, genitive Hanfes or Hanfs, no plural)
To footnote an entire declension, place the footnote in brackets directly after a period. For examples, see Alternants below.
Overrides
සංස්කරණයYou can override a particular case/number combination using the form SLOT:VALUE:VALUE:..., where SLOT specifies the particular slot to override, e.g. acc for accusative singular, datpl for dative plural. For example, for the noun Häusle (“house (diminutive)”), whose plural is Häusle and whose dative plural can be either Häuslen or Häusle, use the following:
{{de-ndecl|n,-:s,-.datpl:n:-}}
which produces
Another use of overrides is specifying a distinct genitive for feminine nouns. An example is Quinquagesima (“Quinquagesima”), which has an alternative Latinate genitive singular Quinquagesimä, used mostly when no article is present. Specify as follows:
{{de-ndecl|f.gen:-:Quinquagesimä[especially without an article].sg}}
which produces
| singular | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | |
| nominative | eine | die | Quinquagesima |
| genitive | einer | der | Quinquagesima, Quinquagesimä1 |
| dative | einer | der | Quinquagesima |
| accusative | eine | die | Quinquagesima |
1Especially without an article.
Here, we specify a footnote in brackets, as described in the Footnotes section above. For another example of using a footnote with an override, see the declension of Spätzle below.
Recognized slot names are as follows:
| case | singular slot | plural slot |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | nom |
nompl
|
| genitive | gen |
genpl
|
| accusative | acc |
accpl
|
| dative | dat |
datpl
|
| ablative | abl |
— |
| vocative | voc |
— |
The ablative and vocative cases are used only in certain terms with special Latinate declensions, e.g. Jesus Christus.
Defective forms
සංස්කරණයIf a given form is missing entirely, use -- to indicate this. An example is Spätzle (“spätzle”), which is missing the genitive singular. Indicate as follows:
{{de-ndecl|n,--,-.datpl:-:n[uncommon]}}
which produces
When used in the headword, it displays as follows:
Spätzle නපුංසක ලිංග (strong, no genitive, බහුවචන Spätzle)
However, for nouns without a plural form, .sg should be used instead of --.
Embedded commas and periods
සංස්කරණයIf you need to include a form that contains an embedded comma or period, precede the comma or period with a backslash. For example, for Vf. (abbreviation of Verfasser (“author”)), with plural either Vf. or Vff., use the following:
{{de-ndecl|m,-,-:Vff\.}}
which produces
Multiword expressions
සංස්කරණයTo decline a multiword expression, include the text of the expression in |1= and put the spec for each word after the word, surrounded by angle brackets. For example, for Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (“limited liability company”):
{{de-ndecl|[[Gesellschaft]]<f> [[mit]] [[beschränkt|beschränkter]] [[Haftung]]}}
which produces
Another example, for Jäger und Sammler (“hunter-gatherer”):
{{de-ndecl|[[Jäger]]<m> [[und]] [[Sammler]]<m>}}
which produces
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | def. | noun | |
| nominative | ein | der | Jäger und Sammler | die | Jäger und Sammler |
| genitive | eines | des | Jägers und Sammlers | der | Jäger und Sammler |
| dative | einem | dem | Jäger und Sammler | den | Jägern und Sammlern |
| accusative | einen | den | Jäger und Sammler | die | Jäger und Sammler |
It is not necessary to surround each word with brackets, but when used in {{de-noun}} it ensures that the words are individually linked in the headword.
Arbitrary specs can be included inside of angle brackets, e.g. for Mittelwort der Gegenwart (“present participle”):
{{de-ndecl|[[Mittelwort]]<n,(e)s,^er> [[der]] [[Gegenwart]]}}
which produces
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | def. | noun | |
| nominative | ein | das | Mittelwort der Gegenwart | die | Mittelwörter der Gegenwart |
| genitive | eines | des | Mittelwortes der Gegenwart, Mittelworts der Gegenwart | der | Mittelwörter der Gegenwart |
| dative | einem | dem | Mittelwort der Gegenwart, Mittelworte der Gegenwart1 | den | Mittelwörtern der Gegenwart |
| accusative | ein | das | Mittelwort der Gegenwart | die | Mittelwörter der Gegenwart |
1Now rare, see notes.
For singular-only nouns, include the indicator .sg inside the angle brackets, as for Kreuz des Südens (“Southern Cross”):
{{de-ndecl|[[Kreuz]]<n.sg> [[des]] [[Süden]]s}}
which produces
| singular | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | |
| nominative | ein | das | Kreuz des Südens |
| genitive | eines | des | Kreuzes des Südens |
| dative | einem | dem | Kreuz des Südens, Kreuze des Südens1 |
| accusative | ein | das | Kreuz des Südens |
1Now rare, see notes.
Any number of declined components can be included, and will be handled correctly. An example with three is Heiliges Römisches Reich (“Holy Roman Empire”):
{{de-ndecl|[[heilig|Heiliges]]<+> [[römisch|Römisches]]<+> [[Reich]]<n,s:es.sg>}}
which produces
| singular | ||
|---|---|---|
| neuter gender | strong declension | |
| nominative | Heiliges Römisches Reich | |
| genitive | Heiligen Römischen Reichs, Heiligen Römischen Reiches | |
| dative | Heiligem Römischem Reich, Heiligem Römischem Reiche1 | |
| accusative | Heiliges Römisches Reich | |
| weak declension | ||
| nominative | das | Heilige Römische Reich |
| genitive | des | Heiligen Römischen Reichs, Heiligen Römischen Reiches |
| dative | dem | Heiligen Römischen Reich, Heiligen Römischen Reiche1 |
| accusative | das | Heilige Römische Reich |
| mixed declension | ||
| nominative | ein | Heiliges Römisches Reich |
| genitive | eines | Heiligen Römischen Reichs, Heiligen Römischen Reiches |
| dative | einem | Heiligen Römischen Reich, Heiligen Römischen Reiche1 |
| accusative | ein | Heiliges Römisches Reich |
1Now rare, see notes.
Adjectival nouns and adjective-noun combinations
සංස්කරණයSome nouns are declined like adjectives. An example is Erwachsener (“adult”) (definite nominative der Erwachsene, indefinite nominative ein Erwachsener, definitive genitive des Erwachsenen, bare plural Erwachsene, definite plural die Erwachsenen, etc.). To indicate this, put a + in place of the declension:
{{de-ndecl|+}}
which produces
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine gender | strong declension | |||
| nominative | Erwachsener | Erwachsene | ||
| genitive | Erwachsenen | Erwachsener | ||
| dative | Erwachsenem | Erwachsenen | ||
| accusative | Erwachsenen | Erwachsene | ||
| weak declension | ||||
| nominative | der | Erwachsene | die | Erwachsenen |
| genitive | des | Erwachsenen | der | Erwachsenen |
| dative | dem | Erwachsenen | den | Erwachsenen |
| accusative | den | Erwachsenen | die | Erwachsenen |
| mixed declension | ||||
| nominative | ein | Erwachsener | (keine) | Erwachsenen |
| genitive | eines | Erwachsenen | (keiner) | Erwachsenen |
| dative | einem | Erwachsenen | (keinen) | Erwachsenen |
| accusative | einen | Erwachsenen | (keine) | Erwachsenen |
The headword appears as follows:
Erwachsener පුරුෂ ලිංග (adjectival, definite nominative der Erwachsene, genitive (des) Erwachsenen, බහුවචන Erwachsene, definite plural die Erwachsenen)
Note how the declension table includes strong (i.e. bare), weak (i.e. definite) and mixed (i.e. indefinite) forms, and the headword includes both bare and definite versions of the nominative singular, genitive singular and nominative plural. For masculine and neuter nouns like this, the bare and definite genitive have the same ending and so the headword inflection combines the two, but for feminine nouns, they will be split. An example is Erwachsene (“female adult”):
{{de-ndecl|+}}
which produces
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| feminine gender | strong declension | |||
| nominative | Erwachsene | Erwachsene | ||
| genitive | Erwachsener | Erwachsener | ||
| dative | Erwachsener | Erwachsenen | ||
| accusative | Erwachsene | Erwachsene | ||
| weak declension | ||||
| nominative | die | Erwachsene | die | Erwachsenen |
| genitive | der | Erwachsenen | der | Erwachsenen |
| dative | der | Erwachsenen | den | Erwachsenen |
| accusative | die | Erwachsene | die | Erwachsenen |
| mixed declension | ||||
| nominative | eine | Erwachsene | (keine) | Erwachsenen |
| genitive | einer | Erwachsenen | (keiner) | Erwachsenen |
| dative | einer | Erwachsenen | (keinen) | Erwachsenen |
| accusative | eine | Erwachsene | (keine) | Erwachsenen |
The headword appears as follows:
Erwachsene ස්ත්රී ලිංග (adjectival, definite nominative die Erwachsene, genitive Erwachsener, definite genitive der Erwachsenen, බහුවචන Erwachsene, definite plural die Erwachsenen)
You can likewise decline adjective-noun combinations using +, e.g. schwarzes Loch (“black hole”):
{{temp|de-ndecl|[[schwarz]]es<+> [[Loch]]<n,(e)s,^er>}}
which produces
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| neuter gender | strong declension | |||
| nominative | schwarzes Loch | schwarze Löcher | ||
| genitive | schwarzen Loches, schwarzen Lochs | schwarzer Löcher | ||
| dative | schwarzem Loch, schwarzem Loche1 | schwarzen Löchern | ||
| accusative | schwarzes Loch | schwarze Löcher | ||
| weak declension | ||||
| nominative | das | schwarze Loch | die | schwarzen Löcher |
| genitive | des | schwarzen Loches, schwarzen Lochs | der | schwarzen Löcher |
| dative | dem | schwarzen Loch, schwarzen Loche1 | den | schwarzen Löchern |
| accusative | das | schwarze Loch | die | schwarzen Löcher |
| mixed declension | ||||
| nominative | ein | schwarzes Loch | (keine) | schwarzen Löcher |
| genitive | eines | schwarzen Loches, schwarzen Lochs | (keiner) | schwarzen Löcher |
| dative | einem | schwarzen Loch, schwarzen Loche1 | (keinen) | schwarzen Löchern |
| accusative | ein | schwarzes Loch | (keine) | schwarzen Löcher |
1Now rare, see notes.
The headword appears as follows:
schwarzes Loch නපුංසක ලිංග (strong, definite nominative das schwarze Loch, genitive (des) schwarzen Loches or (des) schwarzen Lochs, බහුවචන schwarze Löcher, definite plural die schwarzen Löcher)
Here, the alternative notation using angle brackets must be used to indicate the declensions of the individual words. Links must be included in order for there to be links to individual words in the headword.
Note that the gender does not need to be specified in conjunction with +, because it can automatically be inferred from the ending. When used in conjunction with a noun, the plural status of the adjective does not need to be given either, as with Kanarische Inseln:
{{temp|de-ndecl|[[kanarisch|Kanarische]]<+> [[Insel]]n<p>}}
which produces
| plural | ||
|---|---|---|
| strong declension | ||
| nominative | Kanarische Inseln | |
| genitive | Kanarischer Inseln | |
| dative | Kanarischen Inseln | |
| accusative | Kanarische Inseln | |
| weak declension | ||
| nominative | die | Kanarischen Inseln |
| genitive | der | Kanarischen Inseln |
| dative | den | Kanarischen Inseln |
| accusative | die | Kanarischen Inseln |
| mixed declension | ||
| nominative | (keine) | Kanarischen Inseln |
| genitive | (keiner) | Kanarischen Inseln |
| dative | (keinen) | Kanarischen Inseln |
| accusative | (keine) | Kanarischen Inseln |
The headword appears as follows:
Kanarische Inseln pl (plural only, definite plural die Kanarischen Inseln)
However, this won't work for a plural-only adjectival noun, because the -e ending will be inferred as feminine singular. If for some reason you need to specify such a noun, use p+ or +p, e.g. for Miese:
{{de-ndecl|p+}}
which produces
| plural | ||
|---|---|---|
| strong declension | ||
| nominative | Miese | |
| genitive | Mieser | |
| dative | Miesen | |
| accusative | Miese | |
| weak declension | ||
| nominative | die | Miesen |
| genitive | der | Miesen |
| dative | den | Miesen |
| accusative | die | Miesen |
| mixed declension | ||
| nominative | (keine) | Miesen |
| genitive | (keiner) | Miesen |
| dative | (keinen) | Miesen |
| accusative | (keine) | Miesen |
The headword appears as follows:
Miese pl (adjectival, plural only, definite plural die Miesen)
Alternants
සංස්කරණයSometimes a given expression has multiple possible declensions, in a way that can't easily be specified using the available possibilities for specifying multiple genders or alternative genitive or plural endings. For example, some nouns can be declined either strong or weak, and in some multiword expressions, one word may or may not be declined. An example is Hirsch, normally strong but sometimes weak (especially in Southern Germany and Austria). To indicate this, use a syntax like this: ((ALTERNANT1,ALTERNANT2,...)) where each alternant must have angle brackets in it:
{{de-ndecl|((<m,(e)s>,<m.weak.[also in Southern Germany and Austria]>))}}
which produces
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indef. | def. | noun | def. | noun | |
| nominative | ein | der | Hirsch | die | Hirsche, Hirschen1 |
| genitive | eines | des | Hirsches, Hirschs, Hirschen1 | der | Hirsche, Hirschen1 |
| dative | einem | dem | Hirsch, Hirsche2, Hirschen1 | den | Hirschen |
| accusative | einen | den | Hirsch, Hirschen1 | die | Hirsche, Hirschen1 |
1Also in Southern Germany and Austria.
2Now rare, see notes.
Here the first alternant is strong while the second is weak and includes an entire-declension footnote (see Footnotes above). The headword appears as follows:
Hirsch පුරුෂ ලිංග (strong or weak, genitive Hirsches or Hirschs or (also in Southern Germany and Austria) Hirschen, බහුවචන Hirsche or (also in Southern Germany and Austria) Hirschen)
Another example is lüttje Lage (“a beer with a shot of Korn”), where lüttje (a Low German word) may or may not be inflected as a normal adjective:
{{de-ndecl|((lüttje<+> [[Lage]]<f>,lüttje [[Lage]]<f>))}}
which produces
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| feminine gender | strong declension | |||
| nominative | lüttje Lage | lüttje Lagen | ||
| genitive | lüttjer Lage, lüttje Lage | lüttjer Lagen, lüttje Lagen | ||
| dative | lüttjer Lage, lüttje Lage | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen | ||
| accusative | lüttje Lage | lüttje Lagen | ||
| weak declension | ||||
| nominative | die | lüttje Lage | die | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
| genitive | der | lüttjen Lage, lüttje Lage | der | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
| dative | der | lüttjen Lage, lüttje Lage | den | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
| accusative | die | lüttje Lage | die | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
| mixed declension | ||||
| nominative | eine | lüttje Lage | (keine) | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
| genitive | einer | lüttjen Lage, lüttje Lage | (keiner) | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
| dative | einer | lüttjen Lage, lüttje Lage | (keinen) | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
| accusative | eine | lüttje Lage | (keine) | lüttjen Lagen, lüttje Lagen |
The headword appears as follows:
lüttje Lage ස්ත්රී ලිංග (definite nominative die lüttje Lage, genitive lüttjer Lage or lüttje Lage, definite genitive der lüttjen Lage or der lüttje Lage, බහුවචන lüttje Lagen, definite plural die lüttjen Lagen or die lüttje Lagen)
Note that both the declension and headword use the adjectival form even though only one of the two alternants has an adjective in it. This is also an example where we purposely avoid linking one of the components, since lüttje by itself is not a German word.