-er
ඉංග්‍රීසි
සංස්කරණයඋච්චාරණය
සංස්කරණය- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ə/
- enPR: ər, IPA(key): /ɚ/
Audio (US): (file) - Homophones: -or; -a (non-rhotic)
නිරුක්තිය 1
සංස්කරණයInherited from Middle English -ere, -er, from Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, usually thought to have been borrowed from ලතින් -ārius. However, Gąsiorowski suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós.
Compare the synonymous but unrelated Old French -or, -eor (Anglo-Norman variant -our), from ලතින් -(ā)tor, from ප්‍රොටෝ-ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය *-tōr.
වෙනත් ආකාර
සංස්කරණය- -'er (following an abbreviation, or sometimes following a number)
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
- (added to verbs, informal) A person or thing to which the root verb is done or can be done satisfactorily.
- (added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root.
- (added to numbers, measurements or nouns denoting quantified sets) A person or thing to which a certain number or measurement applies.
- (slang, chiefly entertainment, with few limitations) සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
- (added to nouns) A person who is associated with, or supports a particular theory, doctrine, or political movement.
- (added to nouns or occasionally adjectives, generally) A thing that is related in some way to the root, such as by location or purpose.
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
සංස්කරණයසැකිල්ල:suffixsee සැකිල්ල:suffixsee සැකිල්ල:suffixsee සැකිල්ල:suffixsee සැකිල්ල:suffixsee සැකිල්ල:suffixsee සැකිල්ල:suffixsee
අමතර අවධානයට
සංස්කරණයනිරුක්තිය 2
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -ere, from Old English -ware (suffix denoting residency or meaning "inhabitant of"), from Proto-West Germanic *-wari, from Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“defender, inhabitant”), from ප්‍රොටෝ-ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
- Suffix denoting residency in or around a place, district, area, or region.
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
සංස්කරණයනිරුක්තිය 3
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -re, -er, from Old English -ru (plural suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-izō (plural suffix). Cognate with ඕලන්ද -er (plural ending), ජර්මානු -er (plural ending). See also -ren.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (obsolete, no longer productive) Suffix used to form the plural of a small number of English nouns.
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
සංස්කරණයනිරුක්තිය 4
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -er, representing various noun-suffixes in Old French and Anglo-Norman, variously -er, -ier and -ieur, from ලතින් -aris, -arius, -atorium. As a productive suffix, now merged with the occupational sense of Etymology 1.
Suffix
සංස්කරණයඅමතර අවධානයට
සංස්කරණයනිරුක්තිය 5
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -ere, from Old English -ra, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô (a derivative of Etymology 6, below); related to superlative -est.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
නිරුක්තිය 5
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -ere, from Old English -ra, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô (a derivative of Etymology 6, below); related to superlative -est.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
නිරුක්තිය 6
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -er, from Old English -or, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀ, Proto-Germanic *-ōz.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (added to certain adverbs) More; සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
නිරුක්තිය 7
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -eren, -ren, -rien, from Old English -erian, -rian, from Proto-West Germanic *-rōn, *-iʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *-rōną or *-izōną. Cognate with West Frisian -erje, ඕලන්ද -eren, ජර්මානු -eren, -ern, ඩෙන්මාර්ක -re, ස්වීඩන් -ra.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (added to a verb or imitative sound) Frequently; සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
සමාන පද
සංස්කරණය- (used to form frequentative): -le
නිරුක්තිය 8
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -er, from Anglo-Norman -er, Old French -er, the infinitive verbal ending.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (chiefly law, added to a verb) Instance of (the verbal action); සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
සංස්කරණයනිරුක්තිය 9
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -er, -ere (diminutive suffix). Compare -el.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (added to a verb or noun) Used to form diminutives.
Etymology 10
සංස්කරණය
Attested in the UK since the 19th century. Originally Rugby School slang. Later adopted by Oxford University and then wider British society.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය- (originally school slang) සැකිල්ල:non-gloss.
ව්‍යුත්පන්න යෙදුම්
සංස්කරණයආශ්රිත යෙදුම්
සංස්කරණයEtymology 11
සංස්කරණයFrom Middle English -er, from Old English -er, -or, from Proto-Germanic *-raz. Compare -le.
Suffix
සංස්කරණය-er
- (now chiefly dialectal) A suffix creating adjectives from verbs, indicating aptitude, proneness, or tendency toward a specified action:
සමාන පද
සංස්කරණයEtymology 12
සංස්කරණයSuffix
සංස්කරණය-er
- (Chinese literature) Junior, child, younger person. (Attached to a name, usually one syllable of the given name.)
- Li’er said hello to his father.
- (මෙම usage example සඳහා වන සිංහල පරිවර්තනය එක් කිරීමට කාරුණික වන්න)
- 1979, Women of China[1], page 44:
- Yue’er began to laugh again and her tears shimmered like dew on a lotus leaf disturbed by a breeze. Then we heard a sound. It was Man’er.
- (මෙම quotation සඳහා වන සිංහල පරිවර්තනය එක් කිරීමට කාරුණික වන්න)
- 2002 [1934], Xiao Hong, “The Field of Life and Death”, in Howard Goldblatt, transl., The Field of Life and Death & Tales of Hulan River, →ISBN, page 32:
- The fish was laid out on the table, but Ping’er had not come back, nor had his father.
- (මෙම quotation සඳහා වන සිංහල පරිවර්තනය එක් කිරීමට කාරුණික වන්න)
- 2014 [1959], Zhong Lihe, “The Little Ridge”, in T. M. McClellan, transl., From the Old Country: Stories and Sketches of China and Taiwan, →ISBN, page 202:
- Ying’er was not yet three years old. Li’er had always been the one to play with her or to carry her places on his back.
- (මෙම quotation සඳහා වන සිංහල පරිවර්තනය එක් කිරීමට කාරුණික වන්න)